Even though large-scale quantum computers don’t exist yet, data stolen today could be decrypted in the future—so we need to start securing systems now with algorithms that are safe against quantum attacks.

From online banking to government secrets, we rely on cryptographic algorithms to protect our sensitive data. But what happens when quantum computers, with their unprecedented processing power, threaten to break these very algorithms? That’s where post-quantum cryptography comes in.

Why Cryptography Matters

Before diving into the quantum realm, let’s revisit the fundamental purpose of cryptography. Essentially, it’s about ensuring secure communication over unsecured channels. Modern cryptography aims to prevent:

• Eavesdropping: Keeping messages confidential.
• Modification: Ensuring data integrity.
• Impersonation: Verifying the authenticity of senders.

To achieve these goals, cryptography employs various functions:

• Encryption and Decryption: Transforming plaintext into ciphertext and back, ensuring confidentiality.
• Integrity Check and Authentication: Using hash functions and Message Authentication Codes (MACs) to verify data integrity and sender authenticity.
• Signature and Non-Repudiation: Providing digital signatures that guarantee integrity, authenticity, and prevent senders from denying their actions.

The Quantum Threat: What is Post-Quantum Cryptography?

Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is a new wave of cryptographic algorithms designed to withstand attacks from powerful quantum computers. It’s a proactive measure to safeguard our data against the potential vulnerabilities posed by quantum computing.

It is important to differentiate between Quantum Cryptography, that uses the properties of quantum physics to exchange secure keys, and Post-Quantum Cryptography, which is a new generation of traditional cryptography designed to be quantum safe.

The development of Shor’s algorithm in 1994 highlighted the potential of quantum computers to break existing asymmetric cryptographic systems. While symmetric cryptography can be strengthened by increasing key sizes, asymmetric cryptography, which relies on complex mathematical problems, requires entirely new algorithms.

Why PQC is Crucial Now

Even though quantum computers are still under development, the threat is real. Sensitive data encrypted today could be vulnerable to decryption in the future. This is particularly concerning for information that needs to remain secure for decades, such as government secrets, financial data, and personal identification.

Hybrid Cryptography: A Stepping Stone

To bridge the gap between traditional and post-quantum cryptography, hybrid cryptography is being adopted. This approach combines existing algorithms with post-quantum algorithms, providing dual layers of security. This is the current recommendation of security standard setters like ANSSI and NIST.

Crypto-Agility: Adapting to the Future

As post-quantum algorithms mature, crypto-agility becomes essential. This means having the ability to update cryptographic solutions in the field, particularly in constrained environments like smart cards. This flexibility is crucial for adapting to evolving threats and ensuring long-term security.

Leading the Way in PQC Implementation

At CREAPLUS, we understand the importance of preparing for the quantum future. Our experts are actively involved in implementing post-quantum cryptography algorithms for various customers worldwide. We are committed to helping organizations transition to quantum-resistant security solutions.

The transition to post-quantum cryptography is a journey, not a destination. With ongoing research and development, and the proactive implementation of hybrid and crypto-agile solutions, we can ensure a secure future in the quantum era.